Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) Essays

Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) Essays Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) Essay Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad (manufacturing company) Essay As for the manufacturing company, the business risk may arise whether the company able to control the output prices. If the company has ability to adjust output prices when there are changes input costs, such as raw material, the lower the degree of business risk. Manufacturing company has the authorities to increase the selling prices of its products, when the raw material costs increases, subsequently company would not bear extra losses. Alternatively, company could not raise the selling prices when the raw material costs increases, the profit of the company will be reduce. Hence, company bears the business risk. For instance, there was a significant decreased in Wonderful Wire Cable Berhads sales which may due to unexpected and unprecedented escalating prices of copper and aluminium which seriously hurt the earnings of cable manufacturers in the country. On the other hand, retailing company, Hai-O Enterprise Berhad does not face this problem as the company does not incurred raw material costs as the manufacturing company. Retailing company get the final goods from the manufacturer and sell off the goods through branches, therefore retailing company does not have significant problem on this. The price of final goods that purchased from the manufacture is more stable. Furthermore, for the manufacturing company such as Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad, will need more finance in order finance its fixed assets. Due to its nature, manufacturing company need more assets to produce their products, so company need more fund to get assets and maintain the assets. Company may have not enough cash or fund to finance; in order to get more fund, short-term borrowings and long-term borrowings will be adopted. Therefore, the gearing of the manufacturing company will be higher than the retailing company. In 2007, Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad has negative financial gearing which mean the company has very high accumulated losses. This is caused by the increased prices in copper and aluminium. Companys equity unable to cover the borrowings, this could lead company into difficulties. However, retailing company such as Hai-O Enterprise Berhad has high operating gearing might be due to the large inventory that the company need to keep in the warehouse. The inventory that kept in the warehouse need to be guard by security or managed by the staff, this may incurred more extra expenses. As we know that, operating expenses is the ratio of the companys fixed cost to its total costs. Therefore, the Hai-O Enterprise Berhad has higher operating costs compare to financial gearing. Company have low financial gearing which mean company does not rely much on borrowings. This gearing indicates that this company is safe for investment. In conclusion, Hai-O Enterprise Berhad and Wonderful Wire Cable Berhad does not represent all the retailing and manufacturing industry. But, it has indicates that the companies need a good risk management to reduce their risk into an acceptable level. Thus, this could ensure the company able to run their operations smoothly without liquidation problems.

How to Write a Contract

How to Write a Contract Learning how to write a contract can save you a lot of money and aggravation. Typically people find themselves in a position where they need to hire a lawyer to negotiate the terminology of a contract. This can get quite costly, especially when the parties keep going back and forth changing certain items. By knowing how to write a contract you’ll be aware of each word and phrase that’s being utilized in this document. This puts you in a better position of knowledge. Many have tried to save money by writing their own contract only to find that they’ve neglected to include details that may be needed to make the contract binding. These are very important documents and should not be attempted unless you learn how to write a contract. Contracts can be long and complicated documents or they can be short and sweet. Knowing how to write a contract is simply a matter of common sense. You must be aware of what information is essential to the matter at hand and including details that will avoid any future confusion should the matter ever come to a dispute. Keep in mind that you need to clearly state any detail that could be attacked in court. Ask how certain terms would hold up against a skilled lawyer in a courtroom. If you find yourself able to argue points included in your contract then perhaps you need to go back and rephrase or make your point clearer. The whole point of knowing how to write a contract is to make it so that there is no question surrounding the terms of the document. Before beginning a contract, write out an outline of the terms included in the agreement. Ask questions about those terms outlined to try and foresee any possible complications. Know and understand the terminology that is typically used in a contract. Many times confusion over a simple word or phrase can break apart a contractual agreement between parties. Using a good contract form is essential to knowing how to write a contract. The proper form provides a strong foundation upon which to build a contract. Typically one begins with the parties involved in the transaction. It’s important to include their full legal names as well as nicknames so that there is no confusion over who is involved. Throughout the document, always refer to the parties by the names you have them listed as in the beginning of the contract and avoid any misspelling. Another important thing to know is that the date should be listed in the first paragraph of this paper. Key a blank space within the paragraph so that the date can be written in as the parties both sign the agreement. Knowing how to write a contract means being organized with your thoughts as you type this document up. Keep it simple yet concise. Avoid any loose terminology that could be misinterpreted. Avoid any creative writing and do not rely on grammatical rules that you may have learned in school. Contract writing needs to be absolutely clear leaving no room for misinterpretation. Never try to speed read through your contract when editing it, as you will certainly leave lots of room for misinterpretation that can cost you a lot of money. Once you have learned how to write a contract, you’ll find that it is quite simple as long as you know and understand the rules. Knowing how to write a contract can be quite profitable for those who engage in business practices regularly but find that attorney fees for writing contracts can get quite steep. In the beginning, it may be helpful to seek out advice from an experienced person but once you have the essentials of contract writing down, you should be able to write contracts with ease.

Graham T. Allison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Graham T. Allison - Research Paper Example national security and defense policy with a special interest in terrorism. He was an assistant secretary of defense in the first Clinton Administration. As director of BCSIA, Dr. Allison has assembled a team of more than two dozen leading scholars and practitioners of national security to analyze terrorism in its multiple dimensions†2. He catapulted to fame from the books that he wrote all involving foreign policy decision making, terrorism, and other conceptual models that became bestsellers. Contributions In the field of public management, Lynn (2001) cited the contention of Allision in a seminal article that emphasized, ‘The effort to develop public management as a field of knowledge should start from problems faced by practicing public managers’3 .From among his notable books were: his first book, the â€Å"Essence ofDecision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (1971), was released in anupdated and revised second edition (1999) and ranks among the all-time be stsellerswith more than 450,000 copies in print. His latest book, Nuclear Terrorism:The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe, is now in its third printing and wasselected by the New York Times as oneof the ‘100 most notable books of 2004’†4.The three models of decision-making were deemed to be based on different levels of analysis. The Rational Actor or Unitary Government model assumed that the presence of the following factors: â€Å"unitary optimizing actor; government as a black box; government processes information according to the rules of optimizing rational action; complete information;and the internal structure of decision-making are based on rationality†5. The Organizational Process Model takes into perspectives the goals of the organization to be well defined and established; the choices are restricted on SOPs; where mission statements are explicitly stated and strategies and policies are directed towards the defined mission; and activities are depend ent on the resources and budget of the organization. Finally, the Governmental Politics Model, also called bureaucratic politics or government bargaining model, identified assumptions that focused on key individual decision makers as the unit of analysis; consider both formal and informal networks of power and communication as contributory and influential in decision-making; and where government action presupposed political bargaining process has been undertaken by various key players; to name a few. The different books that have contributed to expanding the knowledge of practitioners in the field of public management and foreign policy decision making are as follows: Avoiding Nuclear Anarchy; Bureaucratic Politics; Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis; Essence of Decision; Fateful Visions; Remaking foreign policy; Windows of Opportunity and the latest, Nuclear Terrorism:The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe6 . The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs John F. Kennedy School of Government (BCSIA) (2004) has acknowledged the recognition and awards attributted to Allison as follows: â€Å"He served as Special Advisor to the Secretary of Defense under President Reagan and as Assistant Secretary of Defense in the first Clinton Administration, during which Dr. Allison received the Defense Department's highest civilian award, the Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, for "reshaping relations

Question and answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Question and answers - Assignment Example ge is the natural kind of affection as that of parents towards their children in which they tend to put up with their children despite their shortcomings. The last type of love is the Philia love in which it creates for the application of conditions before reciprocating for the affection showed. Using the story of Ruth in the Old Testament, Ruth demonstrated agape love for her mother in law by staying by her side after her husband’s death meaning that this was unconditional. On the other hand, Naomi demonstrated philia love by allowing her daughter’s in law to move on with their lives ten years after their husbands had died because she felt that there nothing to offer them in gratitude (Williams & Denney, 2003). In contrast, Orpah opted to take up her mother in law’s offer to search for a better life that Naomi could no longer provide them hence demonstrating eros. Abraham portrayed eros love towards his wife Sarah despite her not being able to bear children for him in accordance with the promise that God gave to him. Although God allowed Satan to take away all of Job’s possessions but Job remained faithful to God. This demonstrated agape love in which Job did not seize to worship God because of the losses that Satan had forced on him making his love for God to be unconditional. On the other hand, the people that Job called friends beseeched Job to stop serving God because they said that God had abandoned him hence insinuating that they had eros love for God, which is a give and take way of portraying emotions. His wife also illustrated his eros love towards her from a sensual concept. God restored everything that Job had lost hence demonstrating that He rewarded his faithfulness even after giving the option of worshipping Satan inclining towards philia love. The second passage involves Abraham, where God ordered him to sacrifice his only son as an act of faith and his portrayal of his unconditional love agape. Further, God demonstrated philia love in

Conditioning and Learning Essay Example for Free

Conditioning and Learning Essay Learning, acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors. It is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives. (Gregory, 1961) Conditioning is the term used to designate the types of human behavioral learning. Since the 1920s, conditioning has been the primary focus of behavior research in humans as well as animals. There are four main types of conditioning: ? Classical Conditioning ?Operant Conditioning ?Multiple-Response Learning ?Insight Learning. Conditioning and Learning 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning, also called associative learning, is based on stimulus-response relationships. A stimulus is an object or situation that elicits a response by one of our sense organs, like how a bright light makes us blink. Associative learning allows us to associate two or more stimuli and change our response to one or more of them as a result of simultaneous experience. (Moore, 2002) According to classical conditioning, learning occurs when a new stimulus begins to elicit behavior similar to the behavior produced by an old stimulus. Studies into classical condition began in the early 1900s by the Russian physiologist Ivan P. Pavlov. (Klein, 1998) Pavlov trained dogs to salivate in response to two stimuli: noise or light, and food or a sour solution. The dogs salivation is automatically elicited by the food and sour solution, so these were called the unconditional stimulus. However, when the noise or light (conditional stimulus) was repeatedly paired with the food or sour solution over an extended period of time, the dogs would eventually salivate at the noise or light alone. This is a prime example of a conditioned response. Unconditional stimuli, such as the food and sour solution, allow the learning to occur, while also serving to reinforce the learning. Without an unconditional stimulus in his experiment, Pavlov could not have taught the dogs to salivate at the presence of the noise or light. Conditioning and Learning 3 Classical conditioning is particularly important in understanding how people learn emotional behavior. For example, when we develop a new fear, we have learned to fear a particular stimulus, which has been combined with another frightening stimulus. Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning is goal-directed behavior. We learn to perform a particular response as a result of what we know will happen after we respond. (Blackman, 1975) For example, a child may learn to beg for sweets if the begging is usually successful. There is no single stimulus that elicits the begging behavior, but instead it occurs because the child knows that this action may result in receiving treats. Every time the child receives sweets after begging, the behavior is reinforced and the tendency of the child to beg will increase. During the 1930s, American psychologist and behaviorist Burrhus F.Skinner performed several important experiments into operant conditioning. Using what is now termed a Skinner Box, he trained rats to press levers to receive food. A hungry rat would be placed in a box containing a special lever attached to concealed food. At first the hungry rat would wander around the box, investigating its surroundings. Eventually it would accidentally press the lever thereby releasing a food pellet into the box. At first the rat would not show any signs of associating the two events, but over time its exploring behavior becomes less random as it begins to press the lever more Conditioning and Learning 4Â  often. The food pellet reinforced the rats response of pressing the lever, so eventually the rat would spend most of its time just sitting and pressing the lever. This type of learning is based on the idea that if a behavior is rewarded, the behavior will occur more frequently. There are four main types of operant learning: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment and Omission Training. Observational Learning When we learn skills, we must first learn a sequence of simple movement-patterns. We combine these movement-patterns to form new, more complicated behavioral patterns with stimuli guiding the process. (Domjan, 1995) For example, efficient typing requires us to put together many finger movements, which are guided by the letters or words that we want to type. We must first learn to type each letter, and then learn to put the movements together to type words and then phrases. To investigate this type of learning, psychologists have observed animals learning to run through mazes. An animal first wanders aimlessly through the maze, periodically coming to a choice-point, where it must turn either left or right. Only one choice is correct, but the correct direction cannot be determined until the animal has reached the end of the maze. By running through the maze numerous times, the animal can learn the correct sequence of turns to reach the end. It has been found that the sequences of turns near the Conditioning and Learning 5 Two ends of the maze are learned more easily than the parts near the middle. Similarly, when we try to learn a list of items, we usually find the beginning and the end easier than the middle. Insight Learning Insight refers to learning to solve a problem by understanding the relationships of various parts of the problem. Often insight occurs suddenly, such as when a person struggles with a problem for a period of time and then suddenly understands its solution. Therefore insight learning is solving problems without experience. Instead of learning by trial-and-error, insight learning involves trials occurring mentally. In the early 1900s, Wolfgang Kohler performed insight experiments on chimpanzees. Kohler showed that the chimpanzees sometimes used insight instead of trial-and-error responses to solve problems. When a banana was placed high out of reach, the animals discovered that they could stack boxes on top of each other to reach it. (Schwartz, 1983) They also realized that they could use sticks to knock the banana down. In another experiment, a chimp balanced a stick on end under a bunch of bananas suspended from the ceiling, then quickly climbed the stick to obtain the entire bunch intact and unbruised (a better technique than the researchers themselves had in mind). Kohlers experiments showed that primates can both see and use the relationships involved to reach their goals. Conditioning and Learning 6 CONCLUSION There are many differences and similarities between each of these learning processes. For example, classical conditioning involves only involuntary or reflex responses where as operant conditioning involves both involuntary and voluntary reflexes. These diverse learning processes can be used independently in many different situations. Where classical conditioning may be extremely effective in one situation it might be ineffective in another. For this reason each of these learning processes, classical and operant conditioning and observational and insight learning are each as important and effective as the other. Conditioning and Learning 7 References. Kimble, Gregory: (1961) Conditioning and Learning, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. John W Moore: (2002) A Neuroscientists Guide to Classical Conditioning. Stephen B. Klein: (1998) Contemporary Learning Theories: Pavlovian Conditioning and the Status of Traditional Learning Theory, Chap. 5 (Perceptual and Associative Learning). Derek E. Blackman: (1975) Operant Conditioning: Experimental Analysis of Behaviour (Manual of Modern Psychology). Michael Domjan: (1995) The Essentials of Conditioning and Learning. Tighe, Schwartz: (1983) Modern Learning Theory, Psychology of Learning and Behavior 2nd edition.

Mrs. Whipple and Her Son in Katherine Porters He Essay -- Katharine A

Mrs. Whipple and Her Son in Katherine Porter's He In the story "He" by Katherine Porter, the main character Mrs. Whipple is often seen as a cruel, neglectful mother who mistreats her son, and there is ample evidence to support this view. But there is another away to look at Mrs. Whipple: she can also be perceived as a pitiful mother being forced to raise a retarded child that is totally incapable of returning her love. After closer inspection, however, it becomes evident that Mrs. Whipple does the best she can under very harsh circumstances, to raise and nurture her son to the best of her ability. She treats her son the way she does out of necessity and therefore should not be hated or pitied for her treatment of Him. In his book, The Texas Legacy of Katherine Anne Porter, James Tanner states "not many of us could-under the dreadfully circumscribed conditions imposed by the author-measure up so well as Mrs. Whipple under such adversity" (104). The Whipples are poor, lower-class people struggling to feed and clothe their children, and make ends meet. Mrs. Whipple is a very proud woman who does not want to be judged by others. She desires respect, and because of this she often makes decisions that do not seem to be in her family's best interest. It often appears as if Mrs. Whipple cares more about what her neighbors think than she does about her relationship with her son, He. For example, she makes Him come down from the tree just because a neighbor says it may be dangerous, and she constantly justifies and makes excuses to others for the way she treats Him. The truth is, she does these things because of her pride; as a human being it is in her nature to be concerned with what other people think about her. This does not m... ...rter's Artistic Development. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 1989. Porter, Katherine Anne. "He." The Literature of the American South. Ed. William L. Andrews. New York: Norton. 1998. 596-603. Tanner, James T.F. The Texas Legacy of Katherine Anne Porter. Denton: U North Texas P, 1990. Unrue, Darlene Harbour. Truth and Vision in Katherine Anne Porter's Fiction. Athens: U Georgia P, 1985. Works Consulted Hendrick, Willene and George Hendrick. Katherine Anne Porter. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1988. Jorgensen, Bruce W. "The Other Side of Silence: Katherine Anne Porter's 'He' as Tragedy." Modern Fiction Studies 3 28 (1982). Moddelmog, Debra A. "Narrative Irony and Hidden Motivations in Katherine Anne Porter's 'He'." Modern Fiction Studies 3 28 (1982). Rpt in Modern Critical Views, Katherine Anne Porter. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House 1986. 117-125.

Health and Hygiene

Hygiene is an essential component of healthy living, integral to achieving health and preventing disease. Not just selecting the right food choices but also cooking & consuming them in a hygienic way is equally important in preventing the infectious diseases. Adopting hygienic practices and promoting hygiene in the community, schools and workplace prevents innumerable infectious disease. Some of the infectious diseases prevented through hygienic practices are diarrhoea, amoebiasis, giardiasis, worm infections, typhoid, jaundice, bacterial pharyngitis, skin infections, tuberculosis, conjunctivitis etc. Many chronic diseases have also been linked to infections, especially unhygienic food, gastric ulcers, certain types of cancers and there is some evidence for cardiovascular disease. Following are some points, which should be inculcated in day-to-day life. †¢ Wash hands thoroughly with soap after urination, after using the toilet and also after changing diapers, †¢ Wash your hands with soap and water after handling pets †¢ Before touching any food item, wash your hands with soap and water. †¢ Keep nails short and clean. Clean & Trim the nails of both hands. †¢ Your hair should be tied when you cook. †¢ Preferably the cooking area and the area used for washing utensils should be separate and dedicated for that purpose and not connected to the bathrooms or any other source of potential faecal matter like washing clothes. †¢ Kitchen should be well lighted & ventilated (with either chimney/exhaust fan) & with meshed windows. †¢ The cooking and eating area should be preferably elevated. †¢ Keep the cooking, washing, and utility area and kitchen clothes clean. The kitchen surface and the floor should be regularly cleaned. Additionally, clean the kitchen in the night. Kitchens left dirty in the night tend to attract pests which are carriers of infection. †¢ Cover all foods, cooked as well as uncooked, at all times. †¢ If a house fly or any insect has even fleetingly sat on a food item, then, that food item needs to be discarded. †¢ Protect the kitchen & food items from insects, pests & other animals.

An Adventurous Attitude was Characteristic of Roosevelt

â€Å"It is common sense to take a method and try it,† explained Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. â€Å"If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. † This adventurous attitude was characteristic of Roosevelt, who in his four terms as President, made boundless efforts to end the Depression of the 1930s, and to turn back the Axis Powers in World War II. Depression-stunned Americans first elected Roosevelt to office in 1932, after he promised them a new deal for American people. Roosevelt plunged into the Presidency determined to restore American confidence, because he felt that he national government had the final responsibility for the people†s welfare. Between March and June 1933, known as the First Hundred Days, Roosevelt easily persuaded Congress to create a series of New Deal agencies to combat the Depression. The agencies formed included the Civilian Conservation Corps, Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Farm Security Administration, Home Owners Loan Corporation, and following months brought the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Also enacted during the First Hundred Days was legislation such as the Emergency Banking Relief Act, and the The Civilian Conservation Corps was created to put jobless young men to work in state forests and parks, planting trees, and constructing roads and erosion-control dams. At its peak, 500,000 men between the ages of 18 and 25 were put to work by the Corps, and a total of 2. 5 million had seen service The most pressing problem facing Roosevelt when he took office was to aid the 13 to 15 million unemployed workers and their families. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was created and given a $500 million ppropriation to provide food and other necessities for the unemployed. FERA led to the creation of the Civil Works Administration, which put millions of unemployed workers back to work through $900 million worth of maintenance and repair of local facilities, such as schools, airports, and sewage systems. The CWA was soon absorbed by the Public Works Administration, which concentrated on construction and conservation projects. To improve the situation of the American farmer, Roosevelt set up the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, whose solution was to boost farmers† ncome by reducing the number of crops. Farmers who agreed to limit their output of staple crops were given payments by the Administration. As the supply of crops decreased, farm prices increased. In three years, farm income increased from $5. 6 billion to $8. 7 billion. The Tennessee Valley Authority was created to develop the largely untapped resources of the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The purpose of the TVA was to control the river†s destructive flood waters, improve its navigational facilities, and produce low-cost electrical power for the surrounding area. Flood waters were contained through the construction of 32 dams, which opened up large tracts of land for agricultural and industrial use. Cargo shipping was increased by over 70 times the previous amount through constructing locks in 9 dams, which enlarged and deepened the channel, and encouraged the construction of port facilities. The TVA has also conducted an effective forestry program, replanting eroded timberland, and exploring new methods of fire prevention and forest management. The Great Depression caused more than two-fifths of the nation†s farmers o lose their farms, and become tenant farmers. To halt the decline in farm ownership, the Farm Security Administration was set up to provide low-interest, long-term loans that would enable tenant farmers to buy and operate their own farms and retire worn out land from use. The FSA also regulated the wages and hours of migrant workers, and helped nearly 40,000 Many homeowners were threatened with foreclosure as the Great Depression wore on, and the Home Owners Loan Corporation was established to help. The HOLC was authorized to use $3 billion in bonds which were exchanged for ortgages, which were then converted into monthly installments over 15 years at low interest rates. About 1 million homeowners were given financial aid, on approximately 20% of all urban dwellings. To enforce the Truth-in Securities Act, which required that all stocks and bonds offered for public sale be registered with the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission was established. Set up to stop an economic depression from occurring again, the SEC was empowered to license all stock exchanges and regulate the manner in which securities were The Emergency Banking Relief Act confirmed the President†s right to close banks, setting standards for their reopening, and giving the President broad powers over the nation†s money and banking systems. Banks began to reopen under strict new regulations and government supervision, and the export of gold was prohibited, and the US was taken off the international Gold Standard. The act soon led to basic reforms of the banking system. The National Industrial Recovery Act suspended anti-trust laws, permitting firms to ease competition by rationing production and making price greements. In exchange, they promised to improve working conditions, reduce the work week, abolish child labor, and guarantee the right of their employees to organize and bargain collectively. Tailored to meet an immediate crisis, these early New Deal actions, though failing to end the economic slump, greatly eased the burdens of farmers, workers, and industrialists. A series of Supreme Court decisions that struck down the AAA and the NIRA led Roosevelt to launch a Second New Deal, which included the Social Security Act, Wagner Act, and set up the Works Many older Americans saw their life savings wiped out during the Great Depression, and were forced to rely on their children for support. To alleviate the burden of the family, and to provide a measure of security for the unemployed and their families, the Social Security Act was passed. The Act provided survivors† and disability insurance, public assistance, unemployment insurance, and old age retirement insurance. Various welfare measures were also mandated such as aid to dependent children, and aid to The Wagner Act gave Congress jurisdiction over the labor practices of mployers engaged in interstate commerce. The Act upheld the workers† rights to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing. Under the Act, the National Labor Relations Board was established to deal with charges of unfair labor practices and to issue cease and desist orders. The number of unionized workers grew rapidly from 3. 5 million to about 15 million in the first years of the Wagner Act. The purpose of the Works Progress Administration was to reduce dependence on private charity and federal, state, and local relief by putting eople to work on a variety of needed projects. Over 8. million individuals were put to work on over 1. 4 million individual projects, including building schools, hospitals, and post offices. Hundreds of artists and writers also found work under the Federal Arts Program, which was created by the WPA. The last major reform of the New Deal was the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The Act abolished child labor, and provided for an initial minimum wage of 25 cents an hour and a maximum workweek of 44 hours. Hourly wages were gradually lifted to 40 cents and the workweek reduced to 40 hours, with ime and a half pay for overtime. These controls applied only to firms engaged in interstate commerce, and affected nearly 2 million workers. Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal committed the federal government to act forcefully to prevent future economic disasters through direct intervention in virtually every aspect of economic life-from agricultural prices to the workings of the stock exchange. The New Deal energized the labor movement, and so swelled the number of people in the Democratic Party that it remained the nation†s major political party for several decades.

How to Become a Great Leader by Developing Leadership Skills

How to Become a Great Leader by Developing Leadership Skills Leadership skills. Successful people have them. You want them. But if you’re just starting out or looking to move up to the next level, what are they, exactly, and how do you acquire said skills? Saying you’re a leader is all well and good, but you need to be able to demonstrate how you’ve led and instill a level of trust in people. The good news is that it’s never too early (or too late) to start working on your leadership skills.10 Leadership Skills You NeedLet’s start by determining a list of skills that translate to almost any professional situation and apply no matter what your position. If you can cultivate and grow the following 10 skills, you’re well on your way to not having to fake it ’til you make it–you actually can and will eventually lead.1. Project ManagementBeing a leader means being able to see (and implement) the big picture, so project management skills are crucial. Whatever the project is, it’s importa nt to show your control and ability to keep things moving forward at every stage.2. Ability to DelegateAny leader who tries to do everything him- or herself is probably gearing up for a belly flop. Part of leading well means delegating well, and making sure that tasks are going to people who can complete them correctly and on time. Part of that is trusting colleagues to do what they need to do, which can feel like a big leap when our instincts are to trust ourselves first.Knowing what to hold and what to let go is a major part of leadership. It’s about finding the best team and methods to get the job done, not showing off how much you can take on before you drop.3. HonestyIt’s not just about you trusting colleagues; they also have to trust you. That’s not going to happen if you have a history of dishonesty or shadiness at work. If you cut corners or throw people under the bus, the people around you will feel free to do the same, not to mention your reputation wi ll suffer. According to Tanya Prive at Forbes, â€Å"Your business and its employees are a reflection of yourself, and if you make honest and ethical behavior a key value, your team will follow suit.†4. CommunicationGood leaders are good at communication going both ways. They can listen to colleagues and experts to see what’s needed, process those needs into a coherent plan of action, and let everyone involved know. Being able to communicate clearly and efficiently is a must- in person and in writing.5. Risk ManagementThis means being able to identify, evaluate, and handle risks and potential outcomes. This kind of forward thinking shows a maturity, and can prevent you from charging head-first into action without understanding potential consequences.6. Ability to Work with OthersA leader without a team is basically a one-person band. Sure, it’s possible, but it’s not going to sound super great. Good leaders know how to work with different kinds of people without letting personality clashes, conflicts in ideas, etc. derail the work at hand. Diplomatic skills will always come in handy in the workplace, and the person who brokers peace7. Adaptability/Problem SolvingSome things will go perfectly according to plan. Most things won’t. Basically, this is being able to think on your feet, and stay calm when challenges pop up out of nowhere and hit you in the face. Part of leading is coming up with solutions to challenges (seen or unforeseen) and keeping yourself and everyone around you on track no matter what.8. ConfidenceIf you don’t have confidence in yourself and your ability to get the job done, it’s likely no one else will, either. Confidence also means being able to speak up with constructive comments, or give feedback while feeling comfortable about your level of expertise and experience.9. NegotiationWe typically think of negotiation as something you do when you ask for a raise, or get a new job offer. Really, t hese skills are in use every day- it can be as simple as managing expectations for a client or colleague, or setting your own priorities. Being able to say, â€Å"okay, I can do X, but I’ll need Y† is a very important skill to have.10. AccountabilityA big part of leadership is stepping up and saying, â€Å"this didn’t go well. Here’s why, and here’s how I will improve next time.† Owning up to your role in the process, even when things are going wrong, is a very important hallmark of someone who leads, versus someone who just bosses people around (and disappears when it’s time to fix things).You can keep breaking these down into even more granular skills and skill sets, but these 10  skill areas are part of the core leadership package.5 Ways to Build Leadership SkillsNow that you know the kinds of skills you need to start building your leadership credentials, how does one go about doing that? True, a lot of these things build up thro ugh basic experience- trial and error, lessons learned. But you can also take proactive measures to start growing in these areas sooner than later. Let’s look at five ways you can do this.1. Know your leadership style.I think we all believe we’re the â€Å"tough but fair† leader, right? Churchillian, with dashes of Lincoln and Danaerys Targaryen thrown in? Better to know for sure. Like with general career assessments, there are a variety of quizzes you can take to get a sense of what your leadership personality is.Leadership IQWhat Sort of Leader Are You? (SkillsYouNeed)Assessment: What’s Your Leadership Style? (Harvard Business Review)Once you know where your leadership strengths already are, you can really target your skill-building to start bulking up the areas where you could use a little work.2. Be passionate about what you do.This doesn’t mean that you have to change careers to do something you love, but you should always be able to find some thing in your job to be passionate about. When you’re excited about what you’re working on, that will help with confidence and focus, and can spread to those around you. Being engaged in the process and the outcome also attracts the best in those around you, too, which ups everyone’s game.3. Communicate the heck out of everything.If you’re a strong writer but not a great speaker, find a Toastmasters or public speaking class near you. If you dread making presentations, start working PowerPoints into some low-pressure meetings. If you’re great at coming up with a plan in person, but find yourself forgetting details later, start following up with detailed notes (including next steps) right after you leave a conversation or meeting.If you don’t fully understand something, don’t be shy about asking for clarification, and repeating it back to the person just to make sure (â€Å"just so I’m clear, these are our next steps, right?â₠¬ ). It’s not a sign of weakness or incompetence to ask for a quick recap. Rather, it not only shows that you’re listening, but also that you’re understanding and processing as well.4. Be a leader outside of work as well.You can never go wrong with  volunteering, especially for a cause or organization you feel strongly about. They’re happy to have your help, and if you’re engaged and passionate about the work (see #2), it’s an easy way to start building confidence and experience. Every community has a wealth of opportunities, but if you need help finding a good volunteering match for your interests, location, and schedule, these volunteer match services are great:All for GoodVolunteerMatchHandsOn NetworkAdvocacy and volunteer work are a great way to build communication skills, time management skills, operational skills (especially if you’re involved in administration, budgeting, or overseeing), and working-with-others skills, witho ut the pressure of affecting your work performance.5. Learn from the experts.Leadership training is a thing, because no one starts out with a full set of leadership skills. Experience is an important part, of course, but so is the mindset and knowledge base- and both of those can be learned fairly quickly. One way to jumpstart your leadership skills is to take courses. You can take these online, so it fits in with your already-busy life. Some good resources for these types of classes:American Management AssociationCourseraOne MonthClasses like these give you instant access to experts and concepts that can help you start thinking and acting like a leader, no matter where you are in your career at the moment. For those of us not lucky enough to have Jack Donaghy as a mentor, the Internet gives us plenty of access to resources that can start bridging that skills gap.You may have heard the phrase â€Å"natural born leader,† but really, the best leaders are the ones who work hard to get where they are, with the skills and knowledge they pick up along the way. And building those skills is a process you can follow no matter how junior your role is, or how your company is structured- it’s about you, not about your job title. Go forth and start leading!

Sample Essay on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Sample Essay on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Sample Essay on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA is an advanced research projects agency. This agency functions as a part of the Department of Defense for the United States. They are responsible for developing new technologies primarily for the use by the US military. It was under President Dwight D Eisenhower that the organization was created at the beginning of 1958. This organization was founded in order to research and develop projects which expanded what we knew of science and technology, something which was designed to go beyond our immediate military needs. The administration created the organization in response to the Soviet launching Sputnik, with the overarching goal of making sure the United States military would have more sophisticated technology than any potential enemies. In spite of the fact that the organization name has been changed multiple times the internal structure with this sole mission remains the same. As time has moved forward the projects overseen by this organization have changed their focus on hypersonic research, aerospace planes, and strategic computing programs. Interstellar travel has become the main point of discussions of more recent symposiums. This branch is independent from any other research associated with the military; rather than responding to the military chain of command it responds directly to the Department of Defense. As of right now, there are 240 personnel working for the entity and the budget is set at 3 billion dollars. Some of the projects funded by this organization have offered significant technological advances in things such as graphical user interfaces as well as computer networking. The branch has many program offices all of which report to the director. Each program office covers a different project area. There is the Information Office, the Micro Systems Technology Office, the Tactical Technology Office, the Strategic Technology Office, the Adaptive Execution Office, the Defense Sciences Office, and the Biological Technologies Office. Over the course of this nearly six decades long history, this organization has successfully completed many advanced research projects such as the wearable jetpack where soldiers could run at faster speeds, cancer research, a humanoid robots, technologies for the 6th generation jet fighters, anti-submarine warfare vessels, acoustic gunfire locators, combat zone surveillance cameras, reusable space transport, long-range anti-ship missiles, battery powered human exoskeletons, higher producing computer systems, lightweight autonomy, and ground technology. This of course is only a very limited list of all of the projects overseen by this organization. Overall, what was started as a response to a potential Soviet threat has quickly become one of the most relied upon organizations for any scientific and technological related developments. With the overarching goal of remaining technologically advanced in comparison to potential enemies, the United States military has been able to successfully complete a multitude of projects under the 3 billion dollar budget for this branch all of which have garnered a great deal of success and even those which were not necessarily successful themselves offered information and insight essential to pursue additional avenues. This organization is something President Dwight D Eisenhower would be really proud of. References: Belfiore, Michael P. The Department Of Mad Scientists. [Washington, D.C.]: Smithsonian Books, 2009. Print. Buehler, Martin, Karl Iagnemma, and Sanjiv Singh. The DARPA Urban Challenge. Berlin: Springer, 2009. Print. DARPA Neural Network Study. Fairfax, Va., USA: AFCEA International Press, 1988. Print. Drezner, Jeffrey A, Geoffrey Sommer, and Robert S Leonard. Innovative Management In The DARPA High Altitude Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Program. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999. Print. Jacobsen, Annie. The Pentagons Brain. Print. Roland, Alex and Philip Shiman. Strategic Computing. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002. Print. Rouff, Chris and Michael G Hinchey. Experience From The DARPA Urban Challenge. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2012. Print.

Future Employment and Graduate Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future Employment and Graduate Studies - Essay Example Contact Information (address, phone #, website, email): Reply to advertisement at http://www.careerbuilder.com/JobSeeker/Jobs/JobDetails.aspx?APath=2.21.0.0.0&job_did=JHV7YS6WRQRM5GPSH97&sc_cmp1=js_jrp_jobclick&IPath=JRKV0C Our trans-disciplinary teams in Early Childhood Services provide treatment and support to over 1,000 families each year through our community and home-based services. Trans-disciplinary teams may include Educators, Social Workers, Nurses and Speech, Physical, and Occupational Therapists   Job Description: evaluation and monitoring of children to determine physical and mental development. These professionals document activities and record information, track progress and formulate individual therapy plans. Child development specialists also work with a child’s parents to evaluate their ability to carry out the therapy plan. They may interact with parents one-on-one or in group settings. Providing counseling and bringing groups of parents together for mutual emotional support are important aspects of the child development specialist’s job. Contact Information (address, phone #, website, email): reply to advertisement at http://careers.nyp.org/new-york-jobs/Child-Life-Specialist-Masters/709363?nt=1&bid=&utm_source=Simply-Hired&utm_medium=SEM/PPC&utm_content=NY-70855&utm_campaign=Professional-Management Work with families and/or children. Employers include cooperative extension; non-profit and private agencies; faith-based organizations; consumer and business agencies and organizations; and federal, state, and local government. Program focus in Child & Family Studies or in closely related fields such as s in social work, counseling, and marriage and family therapy. Name of Program and Focus: Master of Education Curriculum and Instruction – Early Childhood Education. Guides students to extend their pursuit of excellence as teachers of young